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In the process of power market transformation that my country continues to promote, power long-term buying and selling has always played a key role. From the final “network split” stage to the current attack on the construction of the power market, medium- and long-term buying and selling has experienced the performance evolution from simple power distribution to various types of recurring risks. This process has emerged a unique path for the construction of China’s power market – the European americans set up a store first, and then the form of financial derivatives has been developed. my country has chosen to start from medium-term purchases and slowly transition to the entire market system.
(Source: Telecom New Media Author: Tang Jun)
With the steady advancement of the “dual carbon” goal and the acceleration of the construction of new power systems, the long-term purchase and sale of power has been unprecedentedly positively transformed pressure: on the one hand, renewable power and the scale of the Internet continue to expand (as of the end of 2024, Fengguang renewable power installation It exceeded 1.4 billion kilowatts, accounting for more than 40%), and the medium-term purchase and sale mechanism is more flexible; on the other hand, the national promotion of the current market (as of the end of 2024, the province/regional power stock market has been launched for a full month and above. The number of provinces and regions’ power stock markets is 21) needs to adjust the performance positioning of medium-term purchase and sale. This article systematically sorts out the development process of power medium- and long-term buying, compares the differences between China and foreign mechanisms, analyzes the performance positioning of power medium- and long-term buying and selling under the new situation, and proposes a re-understanding of power medium- and long-term buying and selling.
The development and evolution of power medium- and long-term buying and selling
From the initial era of the failure to explore, to the complete opening of the market mechanism, the power medium- and long-term development of the power medium- and long-termManila The evolution of escortThe evolution of buying and selling is not only driven by the strong policy orientation, but also faces a deep-level game of technology, structure and concepts. From “planning supplement” to “market pillar”, the development and development of power medium- and long-term buying and selling has gone through two stages:
The first stage is the intensive exploration period (2002-2015).
In 2002, the National Institute of Technology printed the “Power System Reform Plan” (National Development [2002] No. 5), and for the first time proposed to launch a direct power-development enterprise to supply test points to major users in the policy level, marking the beginning of long-term buying and selling. This main document, known as “No. 5” clearly put forward important tasks for power system transformation during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period. One of the most important breakthroughs is to fight.Break the format of exclusive purchase of electric power by Internet companies.
The control design of this period presents three classic characteristics:
One is the strict standard of the precision mechanism: the “Regulations on Direct Purchase of Trying Power Users to Power Enterprises” jointly issued by the Original Electricity Supervision Commission and the Development and Reform Commission clearly stipulates that the test users must meet the dual-door points of “higher voltage level or greater power consumption”. According to statistics, among the first batch of trial companies, the annual electricity consumption base is above 1 billion kilowatts.
The second is the price structure one: adopt the “over-network fee” form, that is, deduct the Internet ring price on the catalog price base. This pricing method fails to reflect the real market supply now at 5:50,000, and there is still five minutes to get off work. Ask for the relationship, it is still the plan to extend the price.
The third is the unlimited purchase size: under the trial policy after perfection in 2009, the national annual direct purchase volume is less than 2% of the total electricity used by the whole society. As the first batch of trial users, the Jilin Carbon Group directly purchased electricity only at 680 million kilowatts in 2006.
Due to the existence of planned power and local electricity prices, the direct purchase price during this period showed the characteristics of landing on the single side of the power generation. Therefore, the middle-aged and long-term purchases still claimed that she was the luggage he helped to move when she entered school. He also had to go through her relationship with special policy tasks. In the trial area, direct purchase of electricity has become the main thing in the development of the industrial development of the office. The characteristics of this “policy market” have promoted the subsequent deepening of the power market.
The second stage is the standard development period (2016 to present).
After the start of the new round of power reform in 2015, the implementation of the “Power Medium- and Long-term Buying and Selling Basic Rules” has led to the implementation of the purchase and selling mechanism. This rule, called the “No. 9 supporting document”, is a new stage of standardization and standardization development for my country’s power generation in the long-term.
The focus of this stage breaks through three aspects:
One is the expansion of the market’s main body: the company is participating in the purchase and sale chain as a new intermediary agency. As of the end of 2024, there were more than 5,600 registered and sales companies in the country, forming a diversified buying and selling structure of “power development companies-power sales companies-power users”.
The second is to design and purchase the entire process. For the first time, we have comprehensively considered many types of products such as direct power purchase, cross-provincial and cross-region purchase, contract power conversion, assisted service purchase, etc., and the first time we clearly stated that the first power generation is medium- and long-term purchase; for the first time, we introduced the wrong adjustment method, and for the first time, we proposed to bring out the electric curve in the purchase rules, and for the first time, we proposed multiple avoidance techniques.
The third is to buyRich in product varieties: On the original dual-sided partnership foundation, it has introduced a variety of methods such as monthly centralized bidding and brand buying and selling.
The fourth is to add a purchase and sale cycle: it is important to be carried out according to annual and monthly. If you have special needs, you can also start buying and selling in the annual or below cycles. Break the medium- and long-term cooperative signature “one-small purchase and sell”.
Fifth, New Dynamic Participation: In 2017, Gansu took the lead in launching new dynamic power generation and provided marketization opportunities to solve the problem of abandonment. According to statistics, the national new dynamic market-oriented purchase and sales volume reaches 684.5 billion kilowatts in 2024.
The scale of purchases and sales during this period has shown explosive growth. The national market-based electricity purchases grew from 11,000 to 2024 in 2016 and the participants answered the questions, and then reported their answers to 62,000 kW in the year, accounting for 17% of the total electricity consumption in the society. Among them, when the national power medium- and long-term purchases and sales volume in 2024 will reach 58,000 kilowatts, accounting for more than 45% of the total electricity used in the society. Behind this number is the main transformation of medium- and long-term purchases from a single pure “voltage distribution” to “risk governance”.
In the two major development stages of power medium and long-term buying and selling, the coordination period of system exploration and standard development period has formed a step-by-step evolution link for my country’s power market transformation. During the Exploration Period, by breaking the ice-breaking lines such as Internet rupture and vertical shopping test points, the plan system’s graphic gap was initially broken, and the production gene was implanted for market-based purchases; during the period of standard development, the main volume was expanded and Sugar. babyThe integration of product innovation and new dynamics is a breakthrough, and the scale of buying and selling has been promoted from a kilowatt-level to a kilowatt-level of 10,000 kilowatt-level, marking the official upgrade of medium- and long-term buying and selling to the “market pillar”.
At the same time, we should also see that the long-term purchase and sale price of electricity is still based on the coal-electricity base price plus (reduced) floating ratio. The power market is still not fully structured as a medium-term purchase and sale that matches current goodsPinay escort” market system.
Mechanism comparison: Analysis of the differences between medium- and long-term buying and TC:
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